Ballastexistenzen is the term, devised by the German physician Alfred Hoche in the 1920s, which was used to define those lives that were considered unworthy and useless to the state and which morally validated euthanasia and sterilisation processes.
The National Socialist regime replaced the term Ballastexistenzen and other medical terms with "asocial", which encompassed people from marginalised groups: petty thieves, beggars, alcoholics, prostitutes and all those who did not fit into the ideology of the Volksgemeinschaft or people's community.
The "asocials" were the first, along with political prisoners, to be isolated in protective custody in the so-called concentration camps.
Sachsenhausen was a camp opened in the summer of 1936 in Oranienburg, thirty kilometres from Berlin. The architect Bernhard Kuiper designed a panopticon compound in the shape of an equilateral triangle, which was to serve as a model for the rest of the camps.
In 1938, the first mass deaths of prisoners occurred, 80 percent of whom belonged to the "asocial" group.
Felipe Talo began researching and guiding at the Sachsenhausen Memorial in 2013. Since then, he has been interested in this historically stigmatised group, which even today perpetuates its invisible condition by not having its own memorial that recognises it as a collective victim of Nazism.
The word stigma, of Greek origin, refers to a mark made on the body with a hot iron as a sign of slavery or infamy.
This concept, in European culture, is at the origin of a form of subversive iconography: the tattoo.
In 1940, Erich Wagner, a young SS doctor, photographed 800 tattooed prisoners in the Buchenwald concentration camp for his thesis, entitled Ein Beitrag zur Tatöwieringsfrage. This was intended to serve as statistics for the study of the criminological ideology of his time, which linked tattooing with biologically degenerate beings.
At the end of the war, Gustav Wegerer, a prisoner and chemical engineer and Wagner's assistant, declared that tattooed people were eliminated after being interviewed and photographed.
Wagner, against his will, leaves us a document in which he collects an invisible, fragile and fragile memory. Ornamental and symbolic designs that question us from the past about the nature of bad forms.
Talo proposes an installation where the materials create a tension of opposing principles: purity/waste, reason/chaos, number and skin.
The triangular design of Sachsenhausen is inverted by Talo, to tell us the story of these Ballastexistenzen, subverting the forms of repression, with skin, ink and hot iron.